This is the maximum number of analog channel inputs. The single-ended number is specified when single-ended inputs are available as twice the number of differential inputs. Differential channels use the difference between two signals as an input; common mode is filtered out. In some systems, differential inputs are combinations of two single-ended inputs. When this is the case, twice the numbers of differential channels are available as single-ended inputs.
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Differential channels have two inputs. The signal to process is the voltage (V) difference between the two inputs. For example, if one reading is 4.93 V and the other reading is 5.16 V, the meaningful value is the 0.23 V difference between the two. Often, this applies to precision measurements where the difference between two low voltage inputs is small but critical.
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Device has a current output that is meant to power or activate the sensor whose signal the device is receiving.
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Self-contained printed circuit board with full data acquisition functionality; typically plugs into a backplane or motherboard, or otherwise interfaces directly with a computer bus.
An instrumentation amplifier is a differential amplifier that has been optimized for use with DC signals. They are typically characterized by high gain, high CMRR, and high input impedance.
Module or card with both input and output functionality. Digital or discrete I/O includes on-off signals used in communication, user interface, or control.
Sample-and-hold conditioners "capture" samples of the signal. The signal is quantized to discrete levels and can be sent to conform to any timing parameters of the system. They can use triggers for initiating a sample.
Isolation amplifiers are specifically designed to isolate high DC levels from the data acquisition device while passing the relatively small AC or differential signal. The inputs and outputs are electrically isolated.
Signal isolation is the separation of any direct electrical contact of a signal. This can be done in various ways including optical isolation, capacitors, and magnetic induction.
A voltage converter accepts voltage input and provides a scaled voltage output. Conversion types include scaling up a low-level signal, voltage doubling, and inversion (converting a positive voltage to negative and vice versa).
Unlisted or specialized signal conversion or conditioning function.
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Universal serial bus (USB) is a 4-wire, 12-Mbps serial bus for low-to-medium speed peripheral device connections to personal computers (PC), including keyboards, mice, modems, printers, joysticks, audio functions, monitor controls, etc. The USB design is standardized by the USB Implementers Forum (USBIF), an organization that includes leading companies from the computer and electronics industries. The current USB specification is USB 2.0, which supports data transfer rates of up to 480 Mbps.
IEEE 1394 or FireWire® is an interface standard adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for very fast digital data transfers such as streaming video. IEEE 1394 connectors are used to transmit and receive data among FireWire devices, and are designed to replace external high-speed peripheral connections to personal computers, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, graphics cards, high-speed scanners, direct video, monitors, etc. Tiny, robust FireWire connectors will also become important parts of home entertainment, communication, and appliance networks. FireWire is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
The general-purpose interface bus (GPIB) is designed to connect computers, peripherals and laboratory instruments so that data and control information can pass between them. It was originally developed by Hewlett Packard (HP) and called the HPIB bus. GPIB is also know as the IEEE 488 bus, and is electrically equivalent to the IEC 625 bus.
Small computer systems interface (SCSI) is an intelligent I/O parallel peripheral bus with a standard, device-independent protocol that allows many peripheral devices to be connected to the SCSI port. A single SCSI bus can drive up to eight devices or units: the host adapter or controller, and seven other devices. Each device is assigned a different SCSI ID, ranging from 0 to 7. SCSI formats include SCSI-1, SCSI-2, SCSI-3, Wide SCSI, Fast SCSI, Wide Fast SCSI, Ultra SCSI, Ultra2 SCSI, Ultra3 SCI (Ultra160), Ultra 320 SCSI, and Ultra640 SCSI.
Transistor-transistor logic, a common type of digital circuit in which the output is derived from two transistors. More commonly, however, TTL is used to designate any type of digital input or device.
Ethernet is a local area network (LAN) protocol that uses a bus or star typology and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. The Ethernet specification is the basis for the IEEE 802.3 standard, which specifies the physical and lower software layers. To handle simultaneous demands, Ethernet uses carrier sense multiple access / collision detection (CSMA/CD) to monitor network traffic.
Modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over telephone lines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. A modem converts between these two forms.
Unlisted, specialized, or proprietary communication configuration.
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Amplifiers multiply a signal to the matching scale of the input device. Amplifier gains, or multiplication factors, may be greater than one or fractional for signal reduction.
Amplifier gain may be adjusted according to the application needs. Adjustment may be from a local interface (such as a front panel) or from a computer interface.
Device contains hardware and software protocols such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) or Web Access Protocol (WAP) for being addressable to, or a node of, the World Wide Web for remote monitoring or communication.
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